In this book each one of these formulae is translated and analysed in detail, paying attention to their symbolic meaning. scorpions, centipedes., creatures of an underworld against which the deceased king demands protection or tries to enervate their potential capacity to provoke harm or disease, and which consequently could prevent the king’s access to heavenly cycles and rebirth.įrom the point of view of the magical discourse, the sense of these formulae is often obscure both for the structure of the sentences as for the meaning of the words they contain. Among the wide variety of recognized menaces we have to distinguish those represented by dangerous animals: snakes. Such protective spells and incantations are addressed to elements able to cause evil or threaten royal possessions and control the spaces through which the king proceeds in his way to the hereafter. As the leading genre of revealed reader preferences, fantasy is becoming a multimedia phenomenon and is shifting the age boundaries of potential readers around the world.Īpotropaic formulae make a significant group within the corpus of the Pyramid Texts. The authors conclude that it is advisable to determine the scale of values of a modern person by means of literary pedagogy, to bring it to a common denominator in the intercultural space. An international study undertaken in Russia, the U.S., and the Czech Republic touches upon socio-cultural changes that influenced the reading process among the youth of these countries and the particular interest of the analyzed age group in the fantasy genre, which indicates a change in the reading preferences of young people and the need for understanding this process both in theoretical aspects and taking into account the results of empirical research.
In the study, the authors draw attention to the shift in the priority of the format of youth reading in favor of digital, to the loss of the former role of libraries as centers of non-formal education, as well as to the need to provide assistance to children and young people on the part of “teacher of literature”. The article deals with the transformation of readers’ preferences and the formation of a “new reader” at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century.
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